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The Legacy of Dr. Aklilu Lemma: A Pioneer in Ethiopian Science

7 October 2024


Dr. Aklilu Lemma, a well-known Ethiopian pathologist, was born on September 18, 1935, in Jijiga, the Somali Region's main city. Aklilu dedicated his life to fighting diseases that disproportionately impacted Africa's impoverished population.


Dr. Aklilu Lemma - Colorized portrait Dr. Aklilu Lemma - Colorized portrait

His most notable achievement was the development of a natural cure for schistosomiasis, a crippling condition caused by parasitic worms. This work demonstrated not only his scientific abilities, but also the possibility for local remedies to global health concerns. Aklilu Lemma's revolutionary work in tropical medicine has had a lasting impact on public health in Ethiopia and abroad.

Early Life and Education

Dr. Aklilu Lemma was born in Jijiga, Ethiopia, where access to education was limited. Despite these challenges, he excelled academically and pursued higher education at Addis Ababa University. Later, he continued his studies at Johns Hopkins University in the United States, earning a Doctorate in Pathobiology in 1964. His dissertation focused on sandfly-borne leishmaniasis, a disease that would later inform his understanding of tropical diseases and their vectors. Lemma's early experiences in Ethiopia, alongside his rigorous academic training, laid the foundation for his future contributions to science.

Career and Research Contributions


Dr. Aklilu Lemma in office - Colorized Dr. Aklilu Lemma in office - Colorized

Dr. Aklilu Lemma's career was distinguished by groundbreaking research contributions, particularly in the realm of tropical diseases. His most renowned achievement was the revelation of the molluscicidal properties of the endod plant (Phytolacca dodecandra), proving it to be a potent and cost-effective method for controlling the freshwater snails that propagate schistosomiasis. This finding was revolutionary, offering a locally manageable solution to combat a disease that plagued millions across Africa. Upon completing his doctorate, Dr. Aklilu returned to his native Ethiopia, where he secured a position at what was then known as Haile Selassie I University. Here, he laid the foundation for the Institute of Pathobiology, which has since been rebranded as the Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology. He served as a dedicated educator at the institute until 1976, when he transitioned to a role within the United Nations. Within the UN, Dr. Aklilu held various scientific roles and eventually ascended to the position of Deputy Director at UNICEF's International Child Development Centre, now recognized as UNICEF's Innocenti Research Centre. Subsequently, he returned to his alma mater, Johns Hopkins University, further expanding his impact on the global scientific community. Dr. Aklilu's most pivotal scientific breakthrough occurred early in his career, in 1964, when he unearthed a natural remedy for schistosomiasis. Also known as snail fever disease or bilharzia, this debilitating illness stems from the parasitic worm Schistosoma, transmitted by freshwater snails. His discovery unveiled the potent molluscicidal properties of the endod plant berries, traditionally utilized for soap and shampoo production in various African regions. This cost-effective and safe solution became a focal point of scientific exploration worldwide, with Lemma spearheading research efforts. In a momentous event in 1989, Dr. Aklilu Lemma, alongside his esteemed colleague Dr. Legesse Woldeyohanes, received the Right Livelihood Award in Stockholm, Sweden, for their groundbreaking work on the molluscicidal plant Endod. The ceremony also honored Dr. Melaku Worede for his pivotal role in establishing the Plant Genetics Resource Center in Addis Ababa. Dr. Aklilu's acceptance speech, titled "Science from the Third World: The Story of Endod," highlighted the transformative potential of their research.


Dr. Aklilu Lemma & Dr. Legesse Wolde-Yohannes Dr. Aklilu Lemma & Dr. Legesse Wolde-Yohannes

Dr. Aklilu's dedication to promoting Endod extended beyond borders, as his tenure at the United Nations provided a platform to advocate for the plant's utilization among diverse scientific communities and international organizations. His collaborative efforts with Dr. Legesse Woldeyohanes, despite financial constraints, underscored their success in advancing Endod research.


Related: 12 Famous Ethiopian Scientists and Their Astonishing Contributions


In recognition of his tireless advocacy and pioneering studies, Dr. Aklilu was awarded an honorary doctoral degree by the University of Toledo, Ohio, on June 16, 1990, for his impactful work with the United Nations in facilitating technology transfer to the developing world. Dr. Aklilu Lemma's legacy continues to inspire advancements in global health and scientific research, solidifying his position as a trailblazer in Ethiopian science. This esteemed recognition underscored their unwavering commitment to developing affordable treatments for schistosomiasis. Dr. Aklilu Lemma sadly died on April 5, 1997, in the United States, at the age of 62. He was buried on April 13 in Ethiopia, where he will ultimately rest in peace. His continuing influence on scientific research and global health breakthroughs solidifies his reputation as a trailblazer in Ethiopian science.

Impact and Legacy


Dr. Aklilu Lemma Dr. Aklilu Lemma

The impact of Aklilu Lemma's work extends far beyond his lifetime. His research has significantly influenced public health policies in Ethiopia and other developing countries, demonstrating the importance of local resources in addressing health crises. The endod plant has been integrated into various public health initiatives aimed at controlling schistosomiasis, showcasing the practical application of Lemma's findings. Moreover, Dr. AkliluLemma's legacy is honored through the Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, which continues to advance research in tropical diseases and public health. His work has inspired a new generation of Ethiopian scientists, fostering a culture of research and innovation in the country.

Personal Life and Character

Dr. Aklilu Lemma was known for his humility, dedication, and unwavering commitment to improving public health. Colleagues and friends often described him as a compassionate individual who prioritized the well-being of others. His perseverance in the face of challenges, including limited resources and institutional biases, exemplified his character and determination to make a difference.

Influence on Ethiopian Science



Dr. Aklilu's contributions have played a crucial role in shaping the landscape of scientific research in Ethiopia. By establishing the Institute of Pathobiology and advocating for local solutions to health problems, he laid the groundwork for future scientific endeavors in the country. His work has inspired countless Ethiopian scientists to pursue careers in research, particularly in the fields of tropical medicine and public health.

Challenges and Controversies

Throughout his career, Dr. Aklilu Lemma faced numerous challenges, including limited funding for research and skepticism from the international medical community regarding the efficacy of local solutions. Despite these obstacles, he remained steadfast in his commitment to scientific progress. His ability to navigate these challenges while maintaining his focus on public health exemplifies his resilience and dedication to his work. Dr. Aklilu Lemma's legacy is a testament to the power of local knowledge and innovation in addressing global health challenges. His groundbreaking research on schistosomiasis and the endod plant has had a lasting impact on public health in Ethiopia and beyond. As we reflect on his contributions, it is clear that Dr. Aklilu Lemma's work continues to inspire future generations of scientists and public health advocates, ensuring that his vision for a healthier world endures.



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